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The interoperability of systems is a critical factor for firms to make informed operational and strategic decisions and achieve a competitive edge in the marketplace. As a result, open systems that have a higher level of interoper...
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The interoperability of systems is a critical factor for firms to make informed operational and strategic decisions and achieve a competitive edge in the marketplace. As a result, open systems that have a higher level of interoperability with secured and stable operations have significant relevance in today's global economy. Interoperability is accomplished through appropriate system architecture and design. Thus, to achieve the open system interoperability, this paper proposes a framework that looks at the system architecture at various levels of abstraction/implementation and identifies the required attributes at each of these levels. This framework can be used as a reference to analyse and determine interoperability requirements at all levels and prioritise the required aspects of interoperability.
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Secure Interoperation between different identity management (IdM) systems has become a challenge. In this paper, a framework is proposed to discover interoperation paths among identity providers (idP) located in different circles ...
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Secure Interoperation between different identity management (IdM) systems has become a challenge. In this paper, a framework is proposed to discover interoperation paths among identity providers (idP) located in different circles of trust (CoT). According to the proposed framework, interoperation path and path discovery algorithm are proposed to establish a trust relationship between different CoTs. Security of the interoperation path is improved by the deployment of authentication assurance level (ML) conversion and role mapping. Moreover, security of the path discovery process is guaranteed by path authentication which can resist security violation.
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Interoperability (Best Interoperation between cross platform mobile apps using LCIM model). ANALYSIS: Mobile devices are gaining more importance and nowadays sharing across platforms is "unpredictable" at best. When we try to take...
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Interoperability (Best Interoperation between cross platform mobile apps using LCIM model). ANALYSIS: Mobile devices are gaining more importance and nowadays sharing across platforms is "unpredictable" at best. When we try to take a video on android phone and send it to a friend for them to view on their iphone? Android can interoperate with other android phone and iphone can interoperate with iphone pretty well that is about where it ends. Finding: Multi-media interoperability is just the tip of the iceberg. Managing interoperability at the application level can be an astonishing task, and on the platform level is just the starting point of bridging the two worlds. It leads to further challenges down the road and several questions. Unfortunately this issue can be resolved by using levels of conceptual interoperability model. Now we can have a discussion on our regular analysis of standards and conventions for design of user interfaces for various mobile platforms, as well as scaling methods operational on different physical screen sizes. Interoperability of different systems, including HTML5, Java and .NET is also inside the center of this work.
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Semantic interoperability is a crucial issue in industrial enterprises when they participate in virtual organisations (Vos), I.e., when they dynamically form network-based collaborative alliances of a temporary nature. Addressing ...
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Semantic interoperability is a crucial issue in industrial enterprises when they participate in virtual organisations (Vos), I.e., when they dynamically form network-based collaborative alliances of a temporary nature. Addressing semantic heterogeneities aims to ensure that the meaning of information exchanged by Vos is interpreted in the same way by all communicating parties and their systems. In this paper we examine how ontologies can be employed by a system of services for delivering interoperability to enterprises, independent of particular IT deployments. In order to support interoperability service utilities in Vos, this paper presents a top-level ontology for collaborative networked organisations (code named OCEAN). The OCEAN ontology is designed as a lightweight top-level ontology that provides a common terminological reference in terms of Vos. The paper also demonstrates the use of practical tools for achieving consensus of the shared conceptualisation of a virtual organisation (VO), among participants, while it outlines a service-oriented architecture (SOA) for supporting VO knowledge based collaborations using OCEAN. We demonstrate how that usage enables shared understanding in knowledge-intensive collaborations, as well as how it facilitates interoperability of applications that provide collaboration services, presenting concrete examples from the pharmaceutical industry.
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Service level agreements (SLAs) are used to bind cloud provider for providing services and hence to assure cloud consumer that delivered services are up to the mark. However, most of the cloud SLAs are either static in nature or a...
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Service level agreements (SLAs) are used to bind cloud provider for providing services and hence to assure cloud consumer that delivered services are up to the mark. However, most of the cloud SLAs are either static in nature or are concerned only for availability of service leaving major concerns such as performance, security, metering and monitoring, automation, and many more. In this paper, we have reviewed the existing SLA frameworks and then examined their suitability in the context of cloud computing. Next, we discuss the desirable components, which should be considered in cloud SLA. Also, we have identified different parameters that need to be incorporated in each component. Based on this, we put forward a cloud SLA template, which we termed as cloud service level agreement template (CSLAT). This work attempts to provide a clear and formal definition of decisive parameters in cloud computing. The definition will give clear perception of how these parameters should be specified in SLA, so as to avoid any conflict rising due to ambiguity in it. Further, precise monitoring and QoS measurement can be done using the mathematical interpretations given corresponding to parameters. Thus, proposed CSLAT will help in automation of SLA management in cloud computing.
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Healthcare systems need to share information within and across the boundaries in order to provide better care to the patients. For this purpose, they take advantage of the full potential of current state of the art in healthcare s...
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Healthcare systems need to share information within and across the boundaries in order to provide better care to the patients. For this purpose, they take advantage of the full potential of current state of the art in healthcare standards providing interoperable solutions. HL7 V3 specification is an international message exchange and interoperability standard. HL7 V3 messages exchanged between healthcare applications are ultimately recorded into local healthcare databases, mostly in relational databases. In order to bring these relational databases in compliance with HL7, mappings between HL7 RIM (Reference Information Model) and relational database schema are required. Currently, RIM and database mapping is largely performed manually, therefore it is tedious, time consuming, error prone and expensive process. It is a challenging task to determine all correspondences between RIM and schema automatically because of extreme heterogeneity issues in healthcare databases. To reduce the amount of manual efforts as much as possible, autonomous mapping approaches are required. This paper proposes a technique that addresses the aforementioned mapping issue and aligns healthcare databases to HL7 V3 RIM specifications. Furthermore, the proposed technique has been implemented as a working application and tested on real world healthcare systems. The application loads the target healthcare schema and then identifies the most appropriate match for tables and the associated fields in the schema by using domain knowledge and the matching rules defined in the Mapping Knowledge Repository. These rules are designed to handle the complexity of semantics found in healthcare databases. The GUI allows users to view and edit/re-map the correspondences. Once all the mappings are defined, the application generates Mapping Specification, which contains all the mapping information i.e. database tables and fields with associated RIM classes and attributes. In order to enable the transactions, the application is facilitated with the autonomous code generation from the Mapping Specification. The Code Generator component focuses primarily on generating custom classes and hibernate mapping files against the runtime system to retrieve and parse the data from the data source—thus allows bi-directional HL7 to database communication, with minimum programming required. Our experimental results show 35-65% accuracy on real laboratory systems, thus demonstrating the promise of the approach. The proposed scheme is an effective step in bringing the clinical databases in compliance with RIM, providing ease and flexibility.
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This article describes handling medical data in a healthcare system based on electronic healthcare records. At a medical unit level, data storage requires both accurate collecting and high security. The proposed information model ...
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This article describes handling medical data in a healthcare system based on electronic healthcare records. At a medical unit level, data storage requires both accurate collecting and high security. The proposed information model complies with EN 13606, which is a European health data communication standard approved by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and partly approved by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
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Background With the advent of the digital economy and the aging population, the demand for diversified health care services and innovative care delivery models has been overwhelming. This trend has accelerated the urgency to imple...
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Background With the advent of the digital economy and the aging population, the demand for diversified health care services and innovative care delivery models has been overwhelming. This trend has accelerated the urgency to implement effective and efficient data exchange and service interoperability, which underpins coordinated care services among tiered health care institutions, improves the quality of oversight of regulators, and provides vast and comprehensive data collection to support clinical medicine and health economics research, thus improving the overall service quality and patient satisfaction. To meet this demand and facilitate the interoperability of IT systems of stakeholders, after years of preparation, Health Level 7 formally introduced, in 2014, the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard. It has since continued to evolve. FHIR depends on the Implementation Guide (IG) to ensure feasibility and consistency while developing an interoperable health care service. The IG defines rules with associated documentation on how FHIR resources are used to tackle a particular problem. However, a gap remains between IGs and the process of building actual services because IGs are rules without specifying concrete methods, procedures, or tools. Thus, stakeholders may feel it nontrivial to participate in the ecosystem, giving rise to the need for a more actionable practice guideline (PG) for promoting FHIR’s fast adoption. Objective This study aimed to propose a general FHIR PG to facilitate stakeholders in the health care ecosystem to understand FHIR and quickly develop interoperable health care services. Methods We selected a collection of FHIR-related papers about the latest studies or use cases on designing and building FHIR-based interoperable health care services and tagged each use case as belonging to 1 of the 3 dominant innovation feature groups that are also associated with practice stages, that is, data standardization, data management, and data integration. Next, we reviewed each group’s detailed process and key techniques to build respective care services and collate a complete FHIR PG. Finally, as an example, we arbitrarily selected a use case outside the scope of the reviewed papers and mapped it back to the FHIR PG to demonstrate the effectiveness and generalizability of the PG. Results The FHIR PG includes 2 core elements: one is a practice design that defines the responsibilities of stakeholders and outlines the complete procedure from data to services, and the other is a development architecture for practice design, which lists the available tools for each practice step and provides direct and actionable recommendations. Conclusions The FHIR PG can bridge the gap between IGs and the process of building actual services by proposing actionable methods, procedures, and tools. It assists stakeholders in identifying participants’ roles, managing the scope of responsibilities, and developing relevant modules, thus helping promote FHIR-based interoperable health care services.
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Interoperability is a critical factor for public administration-related entities operating in collaborative/cooperative environments. Thus, performing an interoperability diagnosis, with respect to other usual assessment approache...
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Interoperability is a critical factor for public administration-related entities operating in collaborative/cooperative environments. Thus, performing an interoperability diagnosis, with respect to other usual assessment approaches, provides a more adequate and extended view in establishing qualities and gaps, and helping to prioritize actions to increase performance and maturity of a government-related organization. This paper presents a diagnosis method called Public Administration Interoperability Diagnosis Method (PAIDM), using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as multi-criteria decision-making structure to calculate the capability levels diagnosed. A proposed development framework guides a systematic literature review, followed by a survey of experts and a set of quantitative and qualitative methods related to the extraction and modeling of the knowledge from the public administration domain mapped into theoretical, conceptual, and practical outputs devoted to PAIDM execution. The paper also raises a public administration interoperability capability model used as a reference for the diagnosis and presents general results of two public administration application cases regarding their capability levels.
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Background Clinical decision support (CDS) can improve health care with respect to the quality of care, patient safety, efficiency, and effectiveness. Establishing a CDS system in a health care setting remains a challenge. A few h...
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Background Clinical decision support (CDS) can improve health care with respect to the quality of care, patient safety, efficiency, and effectiveness. Establishing a CDS system in a health care setting remains a challenge. A few hospitals have used self-developed in-house CDS systems or commercial CDS solutions. Since these in-house CDS systems tend to be tightly coupled with a specific electronic health record system, the functionality and knowledge base are not easily shareable. A shared interoperable CDS system facilitates the sharing of the knowledge base and extension of CDS services. Objective The study focuses on developing and deploying the national CDS service for the drug-allergy interaction (DAI) check for health care providers in Korea that need to introduce the service but lack the budget and expertise. Methods To provide the shared interoperable CDS service, we designed and implemented the system based on the CDS Hooks specification and Health Level Seven (HL7) Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard. The study describes the CDS development process. The system development went through requirement analysis, design, implementation, and deployment. In particular, the concept architecture was designed based on the CDS Hooks structure. The MedicationRequest and AllergyIntolerance resources were profiled to exchange data using the FHIR standard. The discovery and DAI check application programming interfaces and rule engine were developed. Results The CDS service was deployed on G-Cloud, a government cloud service. In March 2021, the CDS service was launched, and 67 health care providers participated in the CDS service. The health care providers participated in the service with 1,008,357 DAI checks for 114,694 patients, of which 33,054 (3.32%) cases resulted in a “warning.” Conclusions Korea’s Ministry of Health and Welfare has been trying to build an HL7 FHIR-based ecosystem in Korea. As one of these efforts, the CDS service initiative has been conducted. To promote the rapid adoption of the HL7 FHIR standard, it is necessary to accelerate practical service development and to appeal to policy makers regarding the benefits of FHIR standardization. With the development of various case-specific implementation guides using the Korea Core implementation guide, the FHIR standards will be distributed nationwide, and more shared interoperable health care services will be introduced in Korea.
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